Search Results - "carbocations"

Carbocation chemistry

Subjects: “…Carbocations…”
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A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO Organic Laboratory Techniques by Pavia, Donald L, Lampman, Gary M, Kriz, George S, Engel, Randall G

Table of Contents: “…Density -Electrostatic Potential Maps: Carbocations. Experiment 18E. Density -LUMO Maps: Reactivities of Carbonyl Groups. …”
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Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques A Small-Scale Approach by Engel, Randall G., Pavia, Donald L., Lampman, Gary M., Kriz, George S.

Table of Contents: “…Purpose.Part One: The Techniques.Technique 1: Laboratory Safety.Technique 2: The Laboratory Notebook, Calculations, and Laboratory Records.Technique 3: Laboratory Glassware: Care and Cleaning.Technique 4: How to Find Data for Compounds: Handbooks and Catalogs.Technique 5: Measurement of Volume and Weight.Technique 6: Heating and Cooling Methods.Technique 7: Reaction Methods.Technique 8: Filtration.Technique 9: Physical Constants of Solids: The Melting Point.Technique 10: Solubility.Technique 11: Crystallization: Purification of Solids.Technique 12: Extractions, Separations, and Drying Agents.Technique 13: Physical Constants of Liquids: The Boiling Point and Density.Technique 14: Simple Distillation.Technique 15: Fractional Distillation, Azeotropes.Technique 16: Vacuum Distillation, Manometers.Technique 17: Sublimation.Technique 18: Steam Distillation.Technique 19: Column Chromatography.Technique 20: Thin-Layer Chromatography.Technique 21: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Technique 22: Gas Chromatography.Technique 23: Polarimetry.Technique 24: Refractometry.Technique 25: Infrared Spectroscopy.Technique 26: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Proton NMR).Technique 27: Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Technique 28: 6 Mass Spectrometry.Technique 29: Guide to the Chemical Literature.Part Two: Introduction to Basic Laboratory Techniques.Experiment 1: Solubility.Experiment 2: Crystallization.Experiment 3: Extraction.Experiment 4: A Separation and Purification Scheme.Experiment 4A: Extractions with a Separatory Funnel.Experiment 5: Chromatography.Experiment 5A: Thin-Layer Chromatography.Experiment 5B: Selecting the Correct Solvent for Thin-Layer Chromatography.Experiment 5C: Monitoring a Reaction with Thin Layer Chromatography.Experiment 5D: Column Chromatography.Experiment 6: Simple and Fractional Distillation.Experiment 7: Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling-Point Determination.Experiment 8: Acetylsalicylic Acid.Experiment 9: Acetaminophen.Experiment 10: TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs.Experiment 11: Isolation of Caffeine.Experiment 11A: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea.Experiment 11B: Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag.Experiment 12: Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil).Experiment 13: Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves.Experiment 14: Spearmint and Caraway Oil: (+)- and (-)-Carvones.Experiment 15: Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach.Experiment 16: Ethanol from Sucrose.Part Three: Introduction to Molecular Modeling.Experiment 17: An Introduction to Molecular Modeling.Experiment 17A: The Conformations of n-Butane: Local Minima.Experiment 17B: Cyclohexane Chair and Boat Conformations.Experiment 17C: Substituted Cyclohexane Rings (Critical Thinking Exercise).Experiment 17D: cis- and trans-2-Butene.Experiment 18: Computational Chemistry.Experiment 18A: Heats of Formation: Isomerism, Tautomerism, and Regioselectivity.Experiment 18B: Heats of Reaction: SN1 Reaction Rates.Experiment 18C: Density-Electrostatic Potential Maps: Acidities of Carboxylic Acids.Experiment 18D: Density-Electrostatic Potential Maps: Carbocations.Experiment 18E: Density-LUMO Maps: Reactivities of Carbonyl Groups.Part Four: Preparations and Reactions of Organic Compounds.Experiment 19: Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides.Experiment 20: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Competing Nucleophiles.Experiment 20A: Competitive Nucleophiles with 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol.Experiment 20B: Competitive Nucleophiles with 2-Methyl-2-Propanol.Experiment 20C: Analysis.Experiment 21: Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride.Experiment 21A: n-Butyl Bromide.Experiment 21B: t-Pentyl Chloride.Experiment 22: 4-Methylcyclohexene.Experiment 23: Methyl Stearate from Methyl Oleate.Experiment 24: Gas-Chromatographic Analysis of Gasolines.Experiment 25: Biodiesel.Experiment 25A: Biodiesel from Coconut Oil.Experiment 25B: Biodiesel from Other Oils.Experiment 25C: Analysis of Biodiesel.Experiment 26: Ethanol from Corn.Experiment 27: Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate; Optical Purity Determination.Experiment 27A: Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate.Experiment 27B: NMR Determination of the Optical Purity of Ethyl (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoate.Experiment 28: Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Using a Recyclable Catalyst.Experiment 29: Reduction of Ketones Using Carrots as Biological Reducing Agents.Experiment 30: Resolution of (+/-)-a-Phenylethylamine and Determination of Optical Purity.Experiment 30A: Resolution of (+/-)-a-Phenylethylamine.Experiment 30B: Determination of Optical Purity Using NMR and a Chiral Resolving Agent.Experiment 31: An Oxidation-Reduction Scheme: Borneol, Camphor, Isoborneol.Experiment 32: Multistep Reaction Sequences: The Conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid.Experiment 32A: Preparation of Benzoin by Thiamine Catalysis.Experiment 32B: Preparation of Benzil.Experiment 32C: Preparation of Benzilic Acid.Experiment 33: Triphenylmethanol and Benzoic Acid.Experiment 33A: Triphenylmethanol.Experiment 33B: Benzoic Acid.Experiment 34: Aqueous-Based Organozinc Reactions.Experiment 35: Sonogashira Coupling of Iodosubstituted Aromatic Compounds with Alkynes using a Palladium Catalyst.Experiment 36: Grubbs Catalyzed Metathesis of Eugenol with 1,4-Butenediol to Prepare a Natural Product.Experiment 37: The Aldol Condensation Reaction: Preparation of Benzalacetophenones (Chalcones).Experiment 38: A Green Enantioselective Aldol Condensation Reaction.Experiment 39: Preparation of an a,b-Unsaturated Ketone via Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions.Experiment 40: Preparation of Triphenylpyridine.Experiment 41: 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-Butadiene.Experiment 42: Relative Reactivities of Several Aromatic Compounds.Experiment 43: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate.Experiment 44: Benzocaine.Experiment 45: N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide: The Insect Repellent OFF".Experiment 46: Sulfa Drugs: Preparation of Sulfanilamide.Experiment 47: Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Polyester, Nylon, and Polystyrene.Experiment 49A: Polyesters.Experiment 49B: Polyamide (Nylon).Experiment 49C: Polystyrene.Experiment 49D: Infrared Spectra of Polymer Samples.Experiment 48: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Using a Grubbs Catalyst: A Three-Step Synthesis of a Polymer.Experiment 48A: Diels-Alder Reaction of Furan and Maleic Anhydride.Experiment 48B: Ring Opening of Anhydride in Methanol.Experiment 48C: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP).Experiment 48A: Diels-Adler Reaction.Experiment 48B: Conversion of the Diels-Adler Adduct to the Diester.Experiment 48C: Synthesizing the Polymer by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP).Experiment 49: The Diels-Alder Reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Maleic Anhydride.Experiment 50: Diels-Alder Reaction with Anthracene-9-methanol.Experiment 51: Photoreduction of Benzophenone and Rearrangement of Benzpinacol to Benzopinacolone.Experiment 51A: Photoreduction of Benzophenone.Experiment 51B: Synthesis of b-Benzpinacolone: The Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Benzpinacol.Experiment 52: Luminol.Experiment 53: Analysis of A Diet Soft Drink by HPLC.Experiment 54: Carbohydrates.Part Four: Identification of Organic Substances.Experiment 55: Identification of Unknowns.Experiment 55A: Solubility Tests.Experiment 55B: Tests of the Elements (N, S, X).Experiment 55C: Tests for Unsaturation.Experiment 55D: Aldehydes and Ketones.Experiment 55E: Carboxylic Acids.Experiment 55F: Phenols.Experiment 55G: Amines.Experiment 55H: Alcohols.Experiment 55I: Esters.Part Six: Project-Based Experiments.Experiment 56: Preparation of a C-4 or C-5 Acetate Ester.Experiment 57: Isolation of Essential Oils from Allspice, Caraway, Cinnamon, Cloves, Cumin, Fennel, or Star Anise.Experiment 57A: Isolation of Essential Oils by Steam Distillation.Experiment 57B: Identification of the Constituents of Essential Oils by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Experiment 57C: Investigation of the Essential Oils of Herbs and Spices-A Mini-Research Project.Experiment 58: Competing Nucleophiles in SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Investigations Using 2-Pentanol and 3-Pentanol.Experiment 59: Friedel-Crafts Acylation.Experiment 60: The Analysis of Antihistamine Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Experiment 61: Carbonation of an Unknown Aromatic Halide.Experiment 62 The Aldehyde Enigma.Experiment 63 Synthesis of Substituted Chalcones: A…”
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