SEKULARISME DAN PROSES DEMOKRASI DI TURKI Pemerkasaan Islam dan Kepimpinan Erdogan

• Main Authors: Mohammad Redzuan Othman (Author), Mashitah Sulaiman (Author)
• Format: Book
• Language: English
• Published: Kuala Lumpur Penerbit Universiti Malaya 2015
• Subjects: Erdogan, Recep Tayyip; Islam > Turkey; Secularism > History > Turkey
• Online Access: Click Here to View Status and Holdings.
• Physical Description: xliii, 411 pages illustrations 24 cm
• Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (page 385-404) and indexes
• ISBN: 9789831007686

Dalam Pilihan Raya Parlimen Turki pada 7 Jun 2015, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) atau Parti Keadilan dan Pembangunan berjaya memperoleh sebanyak 40 peratus undi popular dan kekal sebagai parti yang mendapat sokongan paling besar. Kemenangan ini membolehkan parti tersebut diperuntukkan sebanyak 158 kerusi daripada keseluruhan 550 kerusi dalam parlimen Turki. Walaupun AKP muncul sebagai parti yang paling tinggi mendapat undi, namun ini tidak mencukupi bagi pembentukan sebuah kerajaan secara bersendirian dan sekaligus menamatkan pemerintahan satu parti yang didominasikan oleh parti tersebut sejak tahun 2002. Walau bagaimanapun, tempoh selama 13 tahun AKP memerintah secara bersendirian telah berjaya merubah landskap politik Turki dan kehidupan sosial negara tersebut. Ini termasuklah menamatkan penglibatan tentera dalam politik, membenarkan pemakaian tudung kepala bagi kakitangan kerajaan serta pelajar universiti dan memacu kemajuan ekonomi ke arah menjadikan Turki negara maju menjelang tahun 2023. Di bawah pentadbiran AKP beberapa projek mega telah dilaksanakan, seperti pembinaan landasan kereta api laju, jambatan ketiga menyeberangi Selat Bosphorus dan lapangan terbang terbesar di dunia. Kejayaan yang dicapai oleh Turki di bawah kerajaan AKP ini disumbangkan oleh Recep Tayyip Erdogan yang memulakan karier politiknya dengan menjadi Datuk Bandar Istanbul di bawah Refah Partisi. Beliau yang seterusnya menjadi Perdana Menteri (2003 -2014) dan Presiden Turki (2014 - kini), ternyata merupakan tokoh utama yang berjaya mengemudikan parti dan pemerintahan dalam membawa perubahan ini. Kebijakan Erdogan dalam melayari gelora dan mencaturkan politik Turki membolehkannya melepasi cabaran yang menggugat parti dan kepimpinannya. Ini termasuklah gugatan daripada pihak tentera, cubaan mengharamkan AKP melalui mahkamah, komplot Ergenekon serta Sledgehammer, cabaran tunjuk perasaan di Taman Gezi dan cubaan menggulingkan kerajaan pada 17 & 25 Disember 2013. Kejayaan Erdogan melepasi cabaran ini membolehkan kedudukannya terus kukuh yang bukan sahaja mampu mencorakkan masa depan politik Turki, tetapi juga memperkasakan kembali Islam dalam kehidupan masyarakat di negara yang mewarisi keagungan Daulah Uthmaniyah.
In the Turkish Parliamentary Election on June 7, 2015, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) or the Justice and Development Party managed to get 40 percent of the popular vote and remained the party with the most support. The victory allowed the party to be allocated 158 seats out of a total of 550 seats in the Turkish parliament. Although the AKP emerged as the party with the highest number of votes, this was not enough to form a government alone and at the same time end the rule of one party dominated by the party since 2002. However, the 13-year period of the ruling AKP alone has succeeded in changing the political landscape of Turkey and the social life of the country. These include ending military involvement in politics, allowing the wearing of headscarves for government employees and university students and driving economic progress towards making Turkey a developed country by 2023. Under the AKP administration several mega projects have been implemented, such as the construction of high-speed railways, bridges the third crossing the Bosphorus Strait and the world's largest airport. The success achieved by Turkey under the AKP government was contributed by Recep Tayyip Erdogan who started his political career by becoming the Mayor of Istanbul under Refah Partisi. He who later became the Prime Minister (2003-2014) and the President of Turkey (2014 - present), was clearly a key figure who managed to steer the party and the government in bringing about this change. Erdogan's policy of surfing turmoil and manipulating Turkish politics allowed him to overcome the challenges facing his party and leadership. These include lawsuits from the military, attempts to ban the AKP through the courts, Ergenekon and Sledgehammer conspiracies, protests in the Gezi Park and attempts to overthrow the government on 17 & 25 December 2013. Erdogan's success in overcoming these challenges allowed his position to remain strong. Turkish political front, but also re-empowered Islam in the life of the people in the country that inherited the greatness of the Ottoman Empire.